Masculinity and Fight Club Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Masculinity and Fight Club - Research Paper Example Palahniuk, the author of Fight Club, recognizes that the concept of internalized oppression continually implies the likelihood of ones somehow transcending or mastering the admittedly deeply oppressive system by which the main characters are articulated as a sexed subject. Masculinity allows Palahniuk to unveil problems and weaknesses of pop culture and place a modern man in this new society. The main character, an unnamed narrator, suffers from depression and anxiety caused by poor job conditions and low salary. It assumes that a line of demarcation can be clearly drawn between tyranny and liberation, between inside and outside, and works to reify these binary oppositions. To some extend, fatally mortgaged to bourgeois individualism, it insists (like so many twelve-step programs) that one can obtain a cure by an act of will (which looks to me far more like an act of repression). Thesis The theme of masculinity helps the author to depict the culture of violence, cruelty and oppression created by pop culture and its values. For as the narrative makes clear, the sexual identity is finally revealed to be fictive, which is to say, strictly relational and dependent upon the roles assigned the participants by a particular scenario. The narrator describes his state as: â€Å"This week the insomnia is back. Insomnia, and now the whole world figures to stop by and take a dump on my grave â€Å"(Palahniuk 1999, p. 88). In becoming a spectacle, â€Å"another man,† the main character accedes to the new economy of desire that insists on the unique nature of identities. It also bears witness to the vexed relation between the political and the sexual in American culture and the fact that queer identities at once disrupt the binary opposition between the public and the private and reinforce the belief that the private is the central determining feature, not just of subjectivity, but of the social as well (Connell, 2005). The symbol of the fight club is the main image of masculinity

Personal property Essay Example for Free

Personal property Essay Pom Poko is at one time instantaneously easily reached and from top to bottom foreign. Japanese civilization is extraterrestrial to American judgment, and Pom Poko is Takahatas festivity of that only one of its kind Asian traditions. Its the mainly unfamiliar of each and every Studio Ghibli movies. Pom Poko is, as Takahata explains it, an imaginary documentary concerning the society conflict among tanuki and mankind, from the tanuki viewpoint. It is a tale with reference to the animals efforts to embrace back the deluge of human being development, and it is furthermore the chronicle concerning an aboriginal populace consumed up, taken from their personal property. Review: This is a motion picture that shows off a lot of panamas, conceivably excessively numerous for those who come across at the animals and look forward to Winnie the Pooh or Bambi. The anecdote intertwines all the way through funny side jesting, communal observations, lampoon, surrealism, and catastrophe. It revolutionizes frame of mind to a great extent the way the tanuki transforms structure, meandering and patterns into an innovative form, and uncompromisingly poignant onward. I suppose you will be aware of the entire stratagem as the good-humored tanuki takes part in never-ending high jinks and make an effort for a range of thoughts to force the inward bound human beings away of their wooded area. You will likely fail to notice a lot of, if not the majority, of the cultural-specific ideas, the childrens folk songs, the chronicles and tales, the traditions, the religious convictions. But dont agonize to a great extent; Takahata intends to resuscitate his Japanese spectators, one fitting additional and further Westernized, to their enormous inheritance. Repetitive viewings are enormously mandatory. This analysis was conducted using the method in the book â€Å"A Short Guide to Writing about Film† (Timothy Corrigan, 150). Pom Poko is a slightly unusual documentary for Takahata, but he still makes use of all his endowments, and his sparkling, manipulative intelligence is extremely a good deal in confirmation. Thematically, its exceptionally comparable to The Story of Yanagawa Canals and Miyazakis personal Spirited Away, but with a sinister, additional catastrophic twist. Its as much an acclamation as a call to supports (Chris Beveridge, pp. 1) Dependable with Japanese traditions, the Tanuki , a Japanese raccoon dogs, are described as an extremely companionable, ill-behaved sort, proficient to make use of delusion discipline to convert into approximately no matter which thing but also high-spirited and as well affectionate of delicious pleasures to be an authentic intimidation. Visually, the Tanuki in this motion picture are illustrated in three ways at a variety of times: as sensible animals, as anthropomorphic animals which infrequently be dressed in clothes, and as cartoony figures found on the manga of Shigeru Sugiura of whom Takahata is an enormous admirer. They have a tendency to take for granted their sensible appearance when in sight of human beings, their cartoony shape when they are responsible for doing something bizarre or capricious and their anthropomorphic structure at all additional times. Conclusion: Although the movie screens a certain amount if nudity, but since the movie portrays the Japanese culture it is not an issue. The movie is a perfect classic cartoon documentary. The pictures has reasonably a severe significance, which means the amusing part of the Tanuki, which approaches out in a lot of prospects, is concealed by the unhappiness that their surroundings is being shattered everlastingly. On the whole to a certain extent attention-grabbing if you desire to study regarding another civilization and enormous if you are into computer graphics. Possibly not so fine if you desire light children amusement. References: Beveridge, Chris. 2005. Pom Poko. Retrieved on 1st March 2009 from http://www. mania. com/pom-poko_article_77593. html Corrigan, Timothy. 2003. A Short Guide to Writing about Film. Publisher: Longman; 5th edition

Research methods Essay -- essays research papers fc

Research method To gain my secondary information I used such sources as the Internet, books and midwifery journals. My secondary information will consist of the benefits of breast-feeding for the mother and baby, the benefits of bottle-feeding for the mother and baby as well as statistics on breast-feeding. All information that I have gained for my secondary data is all reliable, because it has come from recommended sites, books and journals that have been approved from the Government or from hospitals and doctors themselves. There are many research methods used to gain information, but it is important to use the right one to ensure that you get the best results possible. One method that is used is experiment; this is where you play an active part in an experiment over a period of time. The advantages of this are that it is a powerful research method and that it establishes a cause and an effect and it can be replicated easily. The disadvantages are that it can take a lot of time, it is difficult to find willing participants and there is a bigger risk of human error. I chose not to use this as my research method, because to do an experiment to would take anything from 2-6 months, which is time I do not have. It could also be classed as being intrusive watching a mother breast feed, which may be a big ethical problem, and because of that it will be hard to find willing participants. Another method of research is direct observation; this is where you are in a setting and you observe what is going on and you do not partake init. There are many good advantages to direct observing, such as, it enables you to see and hear everything that is going on, it can be easy to record, and you do not have a physical effect on the observation. The disadvantages are it can be very time consuming, your presence may have a physiological effect on the people/person being observed and you do not get reliable information. It is hard to get valid results because it is hard to replicate and different people may interrupt things differently to yourself. I did not chose this method because it would be hard and time consuming to get people’s permission to observe them this may be due to ethical issues surrounding my chosen topic. People may feel it is wrong to observe a mother breast-feeding her baby. Participant observation is another of the research methods used, this is where you... ...tionnaires will be left on show at the entrance of the ward for people to pick up. A box will be left in the staff room where the finished questionnaires will be kept until I pick them up. Hopefully by handing out questionnaires and leaving them for people to take I will get a big response rate and it will be very generalised. While conducting my research I will have to consider certain ethical issues, such as confidentiality. Every questionnaire will have a note highlighted on it explaining that every questionnaire that is filled in is kept completely confidential, hopefully by stating this fact it will reassure people to fill one in. I also have to be sensitive to people’s feelings and beliefs, and to ensure that I do not offend anyone. I will have to show that I understand that my topic area can be a sensitive topic for people to talk about or read about, I can do this by not forcing people to do my questionnaire if they feel it is not something they want to participate in. It is important that I stay non-judgemental, as this may affect people’s answers or may affect the participation Bibliography Aspects of reserach, S.D Smith, 2003, Pecan How to!, K.T Haper, 2000, Lonsdale

Ritz Carlton Essay examples -- essays research papers

In 1983, President and COO, Horst Schulze, decided upon a strategy to manage the Ritz Carlton in order to compete on quality. The strategy affected the entire organization, with significant differences in:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Defining traits of all company products defined in the company Credo  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Translating the Credo into basic standards to clarify the responsibilities for employees  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personally train employees the new Ritz-Carlton Credo and basic standards (the Gold Standards)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aggressively instilling a passion for excellence Five years later, Schulze began using the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award criteria to develop a system of business excellence. This system used the Deming Wheel in order to achieve optimum performance levels throughout the organization. With these new policies in place, Schulze lead Ritz Carlton to the first recipient of the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award for Service. The 1999 Ritz-Carlton application summary is as follows: Criteria 1: Leadership â€Å"Plan† – There are seven specific decisions collectively made by Senior Leaders to set direction for business excellence:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 year vision  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategy  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 year mission  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Methods  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 year objective  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Foundation  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 year tactic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The senior leaders formed the Gold Standards, which are comprised of the Credo, The Basics, Three Steps of Service, the Motto, and the Employee Promise. Together, the Gold Standards have the ability to empower employees to take initiative in thinking and acting with innovation and independence, for the overall benefit of not only the company, but the customers as well. â€Å"Do† – Specific actions by senior leaders in order to properly manage the new leadership approach are made up of three salient processes:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ensuring each new hotel’s goods and services are characteristic of all other Ritz Carlton’s on opening day.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The results of seven specific decisions defined at the annual ... ... well as drivers of employee satisfaction. 7.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supplier and Partner Results The Ritz-Carlton ensures that performance requirements of their suppliers are met through a thorough Supplier Compliance and Quality survey that measures key aspects of supplier quality. Purchasing personnel at each hotel fill out the survey every six months and rate specific issues, for example, fit for use, accuracy and service, etc. Suppliers who achieve an 80% or better overall rating on all attributes meet Ritz-Carlton’s quality requirements. 7.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizational Effectiveness Results Ritz-Carlton’s C.A.R.E. program of systematic preventive maintenance has kept their property and equipment at world-class levels at reduced costs. This is in line with their goal of pursuing a defect-free environment. With unemployment at a low and significant competition for skilled workers, the Ritz-Carlton embarked on a major project to improve the cycle time from when a potential new-hire walks in the door and a job offer is tendered. Using scientific quality approaches, the Ritz-Carlton has improved cycle time from 21 days in 1996 to just 1 day in 1999.

Cafs Half Yearly Notes

CAFS HALF YEARLY NOTES * Parenting & Caring Becoming Parents and Carers: Parenting: The process of raising and nurturing children in a family Caring: The process of looking after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness and/or disability Biological parents: The parent who has provided the genetic material, either sperm or ovum, to create a foetus. Pregnancy Planned Pregnancy: Planned pregnancies involve a strategic choice on when to parent * There are physical, emotional and economic impacts that result form this decision * A planned pregnancy is generally better for both the parents and child Unplanned Pregnancy: * May result from poor knowledge about contraception or the fertility cycle or failure with contraception methods * Become pregnant due to a consequence of tragic circumstances such as rape Assisted reproductive technologies: * In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) are examples of assisted reproductive technologie s.This means assistance in terms of expertise and technology is used to aid conception. Social Parents: Many individuals have parenting responsibilities towards a child with whom they do not share a genetic relationship. Adoption: * Adoption is the process by which legal responsibility of parenting of a child is given to a family or parent other than the biological parent. There are 3 types of adoption: 1. The child is already placed with prospective parents, such as a step-parent 2. Local adoption & overseas adoption . Adoption of a child with special needs Legal Implications: * Adoption Act 2000 (NSW) & Family Law Act 1975 (Commonwealth) * All legal rights and responsibilities are transferred from the birth parents to the adoptive parents * The change in parenting is permanent, so the birth parent loses all rights to the child. They may maintain the right to information and contact * The adoptive parents must be either married or in a de-facto relationship; or the step-parent must have lived with the child for 2 years or moreSocial Implications: * Society’s changing attitudes has resulted in fewer adoptions, due to greater acceptance of single mothers & the use of the contraceptive pill * Decision of telling the child that he or she is adopted can be distressing to adoptive parents * The child must overcome feelings of rejection by birth parents * Adoptive child verses the biological child acceptance if the parents have other children Fostering: Fostering provides an alternative living arrangement for children whose parents are temporarily unable to care for them in their family * The caregivers are volunteers who are paid a fortnightly allowance to help them meet the needs of the child * Foster care can range from a few days to a few years and includes: * Temporary care, * Respite care * Pre-adoptive foster care * Long term care * A child must be put into foster care if: * They are considered to be at risk of harm Their basic physical and emotional n eeds are not being met * There may be risk of abuse or exposure to domestic violence Legal Implications: * Foster care is regulated by legislation, such as Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 (NSW) * Any person fostering children who is not related to them must have a licence to foster. In NSW a license is issued by the Department of Community Services about various parenting issues * The foster carer make medical decisions or take legal proceedings on behalf of the child Social Implications: Carers must encourage contact with the young persons birth family and accept that he or she will most likely return to their birth family * 30% of foster children have been abused in their biological family * Problems between biological family and the foster child may force the foster family to take a restraining order Step Parenting: * When a man or woman married or forms a de-facto relationship with a partner, who has a child or children from previous relationships, they become a step-parent * New family members need to be accepted, roles and responsibilities must be shared Legal Implications: A step parent has no legal responsibility towards the child * A step-parent who has acted as parent to a child for a long time, and who is now being divorced from the biological parent, may have visitation rights if judge decides that is best for the child’s interests * If a child is adopted by a step parent, rights and inheritance from biological parents are lost Social Implications: Community perception often holds that an intact original nuclear family is superior to any variety of blended family; a stepfamily may be seen as ‘deficient’ form of a nuclear family * Conflict can occur between the child and step parent, primary relationships and responsibilities become a blur * Partners may have different visions of family life and parenting styles that may need to be discussed * Poor relationships with step parents are recognised as a sign ificant factor in causing young people to leave home, with unresolved family issuesSurrogacy: * An arrangement made between a couple who cannot have a baby and a woman who gets pregnant on the couples behalf. The child is handed to the couple after delivery * A woman may need a surrogate If she is: * Infertile * Suffers from a serious medical condition * Uncontrollable diabetes * Cardiomyopathy * Moderate renal failure Surrogacy often means IVF treatment as the surrogate mother may use donor ova or sperm or the partners own egg & sperm * The infertile couple must apply to adopt the child to be listed on the birth certificate as the child’s legal parents * The court must get consent from the surrogate mother to give up parental rights Legal Implications: * Surrogacy is legally a ‘grey’ area in NSW, it is neither prohibited or encouraged * Very specific criteria needs to be established for both parties based on a honour agreement that is not legally binding * Payme nt cannot be madeSocial Implications: * The surrogate mother may have an ongoing attachment to the baby after giving birth * If the surrogate mother goes back on the agreement, there may be great disappointment between the parties * Community accepted may be mixed, as surrogacy isn’t a widely accepted practice * Surrogacy is very costly and may affect the parents economically * Social parents may change their mind and leave the baby with the surrogate mother who may not have the adequate resources or family support Carer Relationships:Carers are people who look after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness and/or disability. Carers may be paid or unpaid. Many circumstances may be planned and lead to a person requiring care, these included: * A planned pregnancy * Adoption or fostering * Grand parenting * Looking after an aged parent Some circumstances may be unplanned and are unexpected and thus afford fewer preparations: * An unplanned pregnancy * Grand parenting * Health problems * Accident * Birth abnormalities When the caring role has been planned, decision-making will most likely be difficult-especially during initial stages * Both planned and unplanned care may require the primary carer to reallocate household roles Voluntary Carers: * Voluntary carers are unpaid, they are regularly family members (parents, partners, siblings, friends or children) * Carers may undertake the caring role for a few hours a week or all day everyday * Some carers are eligible for government benefits * Voluntary carers are often women, with 71% of primary carers & 54% of all carers in Australia being women Paid Carers: Paid carers undertake the role of caring as a form of employment and therefore receive financial payment * Types of paid carers can include: * Family day carer * Nanny * Doctor * Foster carer * Teacher * Nurse * Palliative carer Managing Parenting and Caring Responsibilities: * With effective management strategies, a person is more likely to be able to achieve goals * Physical, social, emotional and economic changes will need to occur during preparations for becoming a parent or carer Physical preparations:Biological Parenting: * Optimise physical health before conception and during pregnancy * Maintain a healthy, balanced diet and develop awareness of special needs during pregnancy * No use of alcohol or tobacco and other drugs * Participate in regular exercise * Attend regular paternal courses to learn about physical and emotional needs during pregnancy and birth * Attend regular appointments with a general practitioner to monitor the baby’s growth and development and undertake ultra sounds and other tests Social Parenting: The physical preparations for social parenting are often similar to the first 4 points of biological parenting Caring: * Participate in regular exercise to maintain optimum physical & emotional health * Maintain a healthy, balanced diet to ensure physical needs are met as cari ng can place a strain on wellbeing * Practise safe lifting skills to assist with the mobility needs of the dependent * Practise how to give an injection or use an oxygen mask * Investigate and install physical aids in the home, such as railings and ramps Social preparations:Biological Parenting: * Attend prenatal classes to meet others in the same situation- these friendships may continue after delivery * Investigate child friendly social activities in the local area * Locate parenting groups in the community * Organise baby free-time with partner Social Parenting: * Develop relationships with other parents, such as through child’s sport and recreational activities * Locate parenting groups in the local community * Arrange child-free time with partner to develop and maintain own relationship Caring: * Enlist the support of family members Identify necessary support groups, such as carers of people with dementia or cancer * Be aware of support groups, that cater for cultural an d language differences * Let close friends know about the situation Emotional preparations: Biological Parenting: * Discuss moods and emotions with partner, family & friends * Investigate and practice relationship techniques Social Parenting: * Discuss the concerns, fears and thoughts with the partner and other parents to identify with others and gain insight into possible actions and solutions * Recognise if help is required from a formal or informal support network Caring: Enlist in a support group to deal with varied emotions * Make friends with others in a similar situation-often carers lose touch with family and friends * Grieve for changed personal situation but be aware of potential for depression and sources of help Economic preparations: Biological Parenting: * Plan for financial management; prepare and stick to a budget * Analyse and adjust finances, such as mortgage payments * Investigate maternity and paternity leave and provisions in the workplace * Investigate payments from Centrelink Social Parenting: * These actions are similar to the ones above Caring: Plan for financial management; prepare and stick to a budget * Analyse and adjust finances, such as mortgage payments * Investigate leave provisions in the workplace Factors influencing resource management in the caring relationship: * The values and goals of parents and carers within relationships, such as families, provide the incentive for management and will therefore impact decision-making * Age, skills & capabilities and special needs of the dependent will influence both the resources identified by the parent or the carer and the strategies selected to effectively manage their parenting or caring role Age: The age and maturity of the dependent will determine the level of care required * If a child has a disability or illness, it may not be possible to leave them on their own at any time * An aged person may not require care just because they are elderly Skills & Capabilities: * Once the de pendent has developed a variety of personal skills and capabilities, it will be possible for he or she to contribute to the relationship and management resources * Skills may need to be interchanged or substitutedSpecial Needs: * Special needs can refer to those of the dependent or the carer and can affect what services are needed either temporarily or permanent * Modifications mays be needed for housing in the form of ramps and railings * The parent may have the special needs and the young person is responsible to act as a carer * Services such as Centrelink payments may be required Resources: * The resources that require management and prioritisation most often are time, energy, finance and housing. Access to services such as support networks is vital * Negotiating and using these resources can lead to difficulties in the caring relationship Time: * The personal care of dependents, such as feeding and washing * Developing close relationships * Communicating and sharing activities * Personal pursuits (transporting children to sports training) Energy: * Feeding, changing and playing with infants * Transporting adolescents to leisure activities Shopping and providing house maintenance for an aged parent * Feeding and lifting a child, such as one with a cerebral palsy Finance: * Finance is required to access many other resources required for parenting and caring such as material goods and formal support networks * Circumstances of the dependent relationship will determine the demands on finances Housing: * Suitable housing is required to meet the needs of the dependent and carer * The family home may require modification Other housing choices can include a hostel or nursing home Access to Services: * Educational: schools and pre schools * Health: doctors, hospitals, early childhood centres * Homecare assistance: Meals on Wheels, home care * Recreational: libraries, sporting clubs and dance groups * Financial: Centrelink * Housing: Department of Housing, nursing homes and hostels, Ronald McDonald houses * Transport: community transport, maxi-taxis * Spiritual: church, synagogues, mosques Management strategies: The actions that will assist when the management of a specific situation is required * Strategies may be utilised together to achieve the desired goal: * Management decisions involve the use of resources to achieve goals * The two most important factors that affect decision-making are the values of the family and the resources available to them * Values determine that goals will be set and resources determine how well the goals will be achieved * Management strategies that are a starting point for action as the need to be applied to situations that are in need of managing: * Identifying values Setting and prioritising goals * Establishing standards * Identifying resources and using them wisely * Maintaining a positive attitude * Encouraging cooperation * Aiming to have flexible attitudes when necessary * Sharing role allocation * Havi ng effective time management * Developing sound planning procedures * Establishing routines * Using a problem-solving approach Recognising ‘change’ not whether it is good or bad Parenting and caring relationships: Roles in Parenting and caring: * A variety of people play a role of parenting and caring within society. This role is associated with meeting the needs and wellbeing of the individual in care, as well as modelling behaviour that is acceptable to the wider society. Individuals and groups who adopt roles: Parents: Biological and social parents play an important role, the importance of providing love, support and encouragement as well as providing physical needs * Overtime the parenting role is increasingly shared between parents compared to the past as the female taking responsibility of the care of the child at home * Non- custodial parent: the one who may have the child visit on the weekends and holidays parents (divorced/separated parents)Grandparents: * Chil d-rearing: passing on family traditions and culture * Children develop special affection for and interest in their grandparents * Increase emotional wellbeing, self-esteem, self-confidence * Grandparents may meet the needs of family members by assisting in childcare for their grandchildren * Valuable in providing economic, social & emotional support Relatives, including siblings: Members form extended family can provide support to parents by being alternative role models meaning for sporting activities or leisure * Many adolescents take on responsibility for younger siblings baby sitting, transport, cooking Teachers, including childcare staff: * Physical needs providing play activities and encouraging a balanced diet * Intellectual needs teaching skills and knowledge * Social needs providing encouragement and support in learning to work ith others, following school rules and resolving conflict * Cultural needs teaching children about the culture in which the way they live, history & traditions * Emotional needs developing self-esteem of students through recognition and rewards, as well as teaching resilience and coping skills * Spiritual needs some schools a particular faith is taught and students have the opportunity for prayer, worship and fellowship Paid Carers: The most convenient and expensive form of childcare is a nanny, the child can develop a bond with parents are constantly absent * Carers provide assistance to the aged, chronically ill or disabled Homecare helping with cooking and housework Significant others: * Doctor can provide immunisation and treat illnesses within children or assist with mental health issues * Neighbours and friends may provide practical assistance or occasional care for children if parent needs to run an errand * Social workers improve the socio-emotional wellbeing of a child or dependent by explaining the situation.The assist with the child, dependent, parent or carer to develop strategies to deal with hard situations Signif icance of gender roles and parenting: * The mothers roles was originally: nurturing and feeding while the father was the provider and the disciplinarian * It has dramatically changed. E. g. fathers can receive paternity leave, to allow the bonding process with his child to begin earlier. Men also participate in more tasks at home to make sure the household functions correctly * Discipline and financial providers are seen as more shared responsibilities in contemporary familiesFactors influencing parenting and caring relationships: Age: * Age of parents and carers can influence the relationships developed with those in their care * With age comes experience * Older adults may have carefully planned for parenting to occur at a time when finances and relationships are stable * Size of age gap can influence the relationship when the age gap is smaller, closer relationships can develop Culture and religion: Many people are born into a culture which beliefs and customs are passed from one generation to another * Persons culture can be significant influence on nurturing and the development of parenting and caring relationships as sharing culture and belief can be a source of bonding * In the multicultural society conflict can erupt in relationships when cultural norms are different to one another * Adolescence and early adulthood can be a time when people are searching for identity, with religious exploration being a part of the process * Carers need to respect the religion and values of their dependents observant of their faith Education: * The form of education may very from formal schooling to specific courses offered at TAFE. An educated parent or carer is more likely to be aware of support services available and have the confidence to use them * If a carer is formally qualified or has significant experience in caring, the dependent will usually have a higher quality of care offered Gender: * Because of socialisation, people of different genders behave distinctly and this carries through parenting and caring roles * A child’s concept of ‘female’ and ‘male’ develops from observing parents behaviour * Demonstrating flexibility in household responsibilities linked to gender roles, reflects in less conflict and greater cooperation * Expectations of parents hold for their children will influence their interaction with them and the other gender * In caring professions such as nursing, teaching and social welfare majority are females Previous experience and upbringing: If a person comes from a positive family life and experiences this will be repeated for their own children feel more secure and valued and leading to stronger bonds * Negative experiences may lead the parent to reconsider the values from their own experience and upbringing Socioeconomic Status: * Is influenced by the income received, level of education & the occupation of the parents * Some parents with high incomes are forced to work longer hours wi th less involvement in their children’s lives * A lower socioeconomic family enjoys low-cost recreational activities, such as bowling or camping opportunities for effective bonding and communication Media: The media pervades all aspects of life in our society, individuals are exposed to behaviours and opinions that are expressed on television, radio & internet * Parenting and caring relationships may emulate interactions in relationships in the media without even realising that they are doing so * Internet websites such as Facebook and MySpace can interrupt with ‘family time’ Style of parenting: Authoritarian: * characterises a demanding and inflexible parent who usually has a preconceived goal to achieve * allow children to put little input into decisions that may affect them * this can result in the child being resentful and distant * ‘My way or the highway’ Democratic: * this style invites all family members to have a say in decisions made * child ren feel appreciated, especially when their ideas form part of the solution Cafs Half Yearly Notes CAFS HALF YEARLY NOTES * Parenting & Caring Becoming Parents and Carers: Parenting: The process of raising and nurturing children in a family Caring: The process of looking after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness and/or disability Biological parents: The parent who has provided the genetic material, either sperm or ovum, to create a foetus. Pregnancy Planned Pregnancy: Planned pregnancies involve a strategic choice on when to parent * There are physical, emotional and economic impacts that result form this decision * A planned pregnancy is generally better for both the parents and child Unplanned Pregnancy: * May result from poor knowledge about contraception or the fertility cycle or failure with contraception methods * Become pregnant due to a consequence of tragic circumstances such as rape Assisted reproductive technologies: * In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) are examples of assisted reproductive technologie s.This means assistance in terms of expertise and technology is used to aid conception. Social Parents: Many individuals have parenting responsibilities towards a child with whom they do not share a genetic relationship. Adoption: * Adoption is the process by which legal responsibility of parenting of a child is given to a family or parent other than the biological parent. There are 3 types of adoption: 1. The child is already placed with prospective parents, such as a step-parent 2. Local adoption & overseas adoption . Adoption of a child with special needs Legal Implications: * Adoption Act 2000 (NSW) & Family Law Act 1975 (Commonwealth) * All legal rights and responsibilities are transferred from the birth parents to the adoptive parents * The change in parenting is permanent, so the birth parent loses all rights to the child. They may maintain the right to information and contact * The adoptive parents must be either married or in a de-facto relationship; or the step-parent must have lived with the child for 2 years or moreSocial Implications: * Society’s changing attitudes has resulted in fewer adoptions, due to greater acceptance of single mothers & the use of the contraceptive pill * Decision of telling the child that he or she is adopted can be distressing to adoptive parents * The child must overcome feelings of rejection by birth parents * Adoptive child verses the biological child acceptance if the parents have other children Fostering: Fostering provides an alternative living arrangement for children whose parents are temporarily unable to care for them in their family * The caregivers are volunteers who are paid a fortnightly allowance to help them meet the needs of the child * Foster care can range from a few days to a few years and includes: * Temporary care, * Respite care * Pre-adoptive foster care * Long term care * A child must be put into foster care if: * They are considered to be at risk of harm Their basic physical and emotional n eeds are not being met * There may be risk of abuse or exposure to domestic violence Legal Implications: * Foster care is regulated by legislation, such as Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 (NSW) * Any person fostering children who is not related to them must have a licence to foster. In NSW a license is issued by the Department of Community Services about various parenting issues * The foster carer make medical decisions or take legal proceedings on behalf of the child Social Implications: Carers must encourage contact with the young persons birth family and accept that he or she will most likely return to their birth family * 30% of foster children have been abused in their biological family * Problems between biological family and the foster child may force the foster family to take a restraining order Step Parenting: * When a man or woman married or forms a de-facto relationship with a partner, who has a child or children from previous relationships, they become a step-parent * New family members need to be accepted, roles and responsibilities must be shared Legal Implications: A step parent has no legal responsibility towards the child * A step-parent who has acted as parent to a child for a long time, and who is now being divorced from the biological parent, may have visitation rights if judge decides that is best for the child’s interests * If a child is adopted by a step parent, rights and inheritance from biological parents are lost Social Implications: Community perception often holds that an intact original nuclear family is superior to any variety of blended family; a stepfamily may be seen as ‘deficient’ form of a nuclear family * Conflict can occur between the child and step parent, primary relationships and responsibilities become a blur * Partners may have different visions of family life and parenting styles that may need to be discussed * Poor relationships with step parents are recognised as a sign ificant factor in causing young people to leave home, with unresolved family issuesSurrogacy: * An arrangement made between a couple who cannot have a baby and a woman who gets pregnant on the couples behalf. The child is handed to the couple after delivery * A woman may need a surrogate If she is: * Infertile * Suffers from a serious medical condition * Uncontrollable diabetes * Cardiomyopathy * Moderate renal failure Surrogacy often means IVF treatment as the surrogate mother may use donor ova or sperm or the partners own egg & sperm * The infertile couple must apply to adopt the child to be listed on the birth certificate as the child’s legal parents * The court must get consent from the surrogate mother to give up parental rights Legal Implications: * Surrogacy is legally a ‘grey’ area in NSW, it is neither prohibited or encouraged * Very specific criteria needs to be established for both parties based on a honour agreement that is not legally binding * Payme nt cannot be madeSocial Implications: * The surrogate mother may have an ongoing attachment to the baby after giving birth * If the surrogate mother goes back on the agreement, there may be great disappointment between the parties * Community accepted may be mixed, as surrogacy isn’t a widely accepted practice * Surrogacy is very costly and may affect the parents economically * Social parents may change their mind and leave the baby with the surrogate mother who may not have the adequate resources or family support Carer Relationships:Carers are people who look after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness and/or disability. Carers may be paid or unpaid. Many circumstances may be planned and lead to a person requiring care, these included: * A planned pregnancy * Adoption or fostering * Grand parenting * Looking after an aged parent Some circumstances may be unplanned and are unexpected and thus afford fewer preparations: * An unplanned pregnancy * Grand parenting * Health problems * Accident * Birth abnormalities When the caring role has been planned, decision-making will most likely be difficult-especially during initial stages * Both planned and unplanned care may require the primary carer to reallocate household roles Voluntary Carers: * Voluntary carers are unpaid, they are regularly family members (parents, partners, siblings, friends or children) * Carers may undertake the caring role for a few hours a week or all day everyday * Some carers are eligible for government benefits * Voluntary carers are often women, with 71% of primary carers & 54% of all carers in Australia being women Paid Carers: Paid carers undertake the role of caring as a form of employment and therefore receive financial payment * Types of paid carers can include: * Family day carer * Nanny * Doctor * Foster carer * Teacher * Nurse * Palliative carer Managing Parenting and Caring Responsibilities: * With effective management strategies, a person is more likely to be able to achieve goals * Physical, social, emotional and economic changes will need to occur during preparations for becoming a parent or carer Physical preparations:Biological Parenting: * Optimise physical health before conception and during pregnancy * Maintain a healthy, balanced diet and develop awareness of special needs during pregnancy * No use of alcohol or tobacco and other drugs * Participate in regular exercise * Attend regular paternal courses to learn about physical and emotional needs during pregnancy and birth * Attend regular appointments with a general practitioner to monitor the baby’s growth and development and undertake ultra sounds and other tests Social Parenting: The physical preparations for social parenting are often similar to the first 4 points of biological parenting Caring: * Participate in regular exercise to maintain optimum physical & emotional health * Maintain a healthy, balanced diet to ensure physical needs are met as cari ng can place a strain on wellbeing * Practise safe lifting skills to assist with the mobility needs of the dependent * Practise how to give an injection or use an oxygen mask * Investigate and install physical aids in the home, such as railings and ramps Social preparations:Biological Parenting: * Attend prenatal classes to meet others in the same situation- these friendships may continue after delivery * Investigate child friendly social activities in the local area * Locate parenting groups in the community * Organise baby free-time with partner Social Parenting: * Develop relationships with other parents, such as through child’s sport and recreational activities * Locate parenting groups in the local community * Arrange child-free time with partner to develop and maintain own relationship Caring: * Enlist the support of family members Identify necessary support groups, such as carers of people with dementia or cancer * Be aware of support groups, that cater for cultural an d language differences * Let close friends know about the situation Emotional preparations: Biological Parenting: * Discuss moods and emotions with partner, family & friends * Investigate and practice relationship techniques Social Parenting: * Discuss the concerns, fears and thoughts with the partner and other parents to identify with others and gain insight into possible actions and solutions * Recognise if help is required from a formal or informal support network Caring: Enlist in a support group to deal with varied emotions * Make friends with others in a similar situation-often carers lose touch with family and friends * Grieve for changed personal situation but be aware of potential for depression and sources of help Economic preparations: Biological Parenting: * Plan for financial management; prepare and stick to a budget * Analyse and adjust finances, such as mortgage payments * Investigate maternity and paternity leave and provisions in the workplace * Investigate payments from Centrelink Social Parenting: * These actions are similar to the ones above Caring: Plan for financial management; prepare and stick to a budget * Analyse and adjust finances, such as mortgage payments * Investigate leave provisions in the workplace Factors influencing resource management in the caring relationship: * The values and goals of parents and carers within relationships, such as families, provide the incentive for management and will therefore impact decision-making * Age, skills & capabilities and special needs of the dependent will influence both the resources identified by the parent or the carer and the strategies selected to effectively manage their parenting or caring role Age: The age and maturity of the dependent will determine the level of care required * If a child has a disability or illness, it may not be possible to leave them on their own at any time * An aged person may not require care just because they are elderly Skills & Capabilities: * Once the de pendent has developed a variety of personal skills and capabilities, it will be possible for he or she to contribute to the relationship and management resources * Skills may need to be interchanged or substitutedSpecial Needs: * Special needs can refer to those of the dependent or the carer and can affect what services are needed either temporarily or permanent * Modifications mays be needed for housing in the form of ramps and railings * The parent may have the special needs and the young person is responsible to act as a carer * Services such as Centrelink payments may be required Resources: * The resources that require management and prioritisation most often are time, energy, finance and housing. Access to services such as support networks is vital * Negotiating and using these resources can lead to difficulties in the caring relationship Time: * The personal care of dependents, such as feeding and washing * Developing close relationships * Communicating and sharing activities * Personal pursuits (transporting children to sports training) Energy: * Feeding, changing and playing with infants * Transporting adolescents to leisure activities Shopping and providing house maintenance for an aged parent * Feeding and lifting a child, such as one with a cerebral palsy Finance: * Finance is required to access many other resources required for parenting and caring such as material goods and formal support networks * Circumstances of the dependent relationship will determine the demands on finances Housing: * Suitable housing is required to meet the needs of the dependent and carer * The family home may require modification Other housing choices can include a hostel or nursing home Access to Services: * Educational: schools and pre schools * Health: doctors, hospitals, early childhood centres * Homecare assistance: Meals on Wheels, home care * Recreational: libraries, sporting clubs and dance groups * Financial: Centrelink * Housing: Department of Housing, nursing homes and hostels, Ronald McDonald houses * Transport: community transport, maxi-taxis * Spiritual: church, synagogues, mosques Management strategies: The actions that will assist when the management of a specific situation is required * Strategies may be utilised together to achieve the desired goal: * Management decisions involve the use of resources to achieve goals * The two most important factors that affect decision-making are the values of the family and the resources available to them * Values determine that goals will be set and resources determine how well the goals will be achieved * Management strategies that are a starting point for action as the need to be applied to situations that are in need of managing: * Identifying values Setting and prioritising goals * Establishing standards * Identifying resources and using them wisely * Maintaining a positive attitude * Encouraging cooperation * Aiming to have flexible attitudes when necessary * Sharing role allocation * Havi ng effective time management * Developing sound planning procedures * Establishing routines * Using a problem-solving approach Recognising ‘change’ not whether it is good or bad Parenting and caring relationships: Roles in Parenting and caring: * A variety of people play a role of parenting and caring within society. This role is associated with meeting the needs and wellbeing of the individual in care, as well as modelling behaviour that is acceptable to the wider society. Individuals and groups who adopt roles: Parents: Biological and social parents play an important role, the importance of providing love, support and encouragement as well as providing physical needs * Overtime the parenting role is increasingly shared between parents compared to the past as the female taking responsibility of the care of the child at home * Non- custodial parent: the one who may have the child visit on the weekends and holidays parents (divorced/separated parents)Grandparents: * Chil d-rearing: passing on family traditions and culture * Children develop special affection for and interest in their grandparents * Increase emotional wellbeing, self-esteem, self-confidence * Grandparents may meet the needs of family members by assisting in childcare for their grandchildren * Valuable in providing economic, social & emotional support Relatives, including siblings: Members form extended family can provide support to parents by being alternative role models meaning for sporting activities or leisure * Many adolescents take on responsibility for younger siblings baby sitting, transport, cooking Teachers, including childcare staff: * Physical needs providing play activities and encouraging a balanced diet * Intellectual needs teaching skills and knowledge * Social needs providing encouragement and support in learning to work ith others, following school rules and resolving conflict * Cultural needs teaching children about the culture in which the way they live, history & traditions * Emotional needs developing self-esteem of students through recognition and rewards, as well as teaching resilience and coping skills * Spiritual needs some schools a particular faith is taught and students have the opportunity for prayer, worship and fellowship Paid Carers: The most convenient and expensive form of childcare is a nanny, the child can develop a bond with parents are constantly absent * Carers provide assistance to the aged, chronically ill or disabled Homecare helping with cooking and housework Significant others: * Doctor can provide immunisation and treat illnesses within children or assist with mental health issues * Neighbours and friends may provide practical assistance or occasional care for children if parent needs to run an errand * Social workers improve the socio-emotional wellbeing of a child or dependent by explaining the situation.The assist with the child, dependent, parent or carer to develop strategies to deal with hard situations Signif icance of gender roles and parenting: * The mothers roles was originally: nurturing and feeding while the father was the provider and the disciplinarian * It has dramatically changed. E. g. fathers can receive paternity leave, to allow the bonding process with his child to begin earlier. Men also participate in more tasks at home to make sure the household functions correctly * Discipline and financial providers are seen as more shared responsibilities in contemporary familiesFactors influencing parenting and caring relationships: Age: * Age of parents and carers can influence the relationships developed with those in their care * With age comes experience * Older adults may have carefully planned for parenting to occur at a time when finances and relationships are stable * Size of age gap can influence the relationship when the age gap is smaller, closer relationships can develop Culture and religion: Many people are born into a culture which beliefs and customs are passed from one generation to another * Persons culture can be significant influence on nurturing and the development of parenting and caring relationships as sharing culture and belief can be a source of bonding * In the multicultural society conflict can erupt in relationships when cultural norms are different to one another * Adolescence and early adulthood can be a time when people are searching for identity, with religious exploration being a part of the process * Carers need to respect the religion and values of their dependents observant of their faith Education: * The form of education may very from formal schooling to specific courses offered at TAFE. An educated parent or carer is more likely to be aware of support services available and have the confidence to use them * If a carer is formally qualified or has significant experience in caring, the dependent will usually have a higher quality of care offered Gender: * Because of socialisation, people of different genders behave distinctly and this carries through parenting and caring roles * A child’s concept of ‘female’ and ‘male’ develops from observing parents behaviour * Demonstrating flexibility in household responsibilities linked to gender roles, reflects in less conflict and greater cooperation * Expectations of parents hold for their children will influence their interaction with them and the other gender * In caring professions such as nursing, teaching and social welfare majority are females Previous experience and upbringing: If a person comes from a positive family life and experiences this will be repeated for their own children feel more secure and valued and leading to stronger bonds * Negative experiences may lead the parent to reconsider the values from their own experience and upbringing Socioeconomic Status: * Is influenced by the income received, level of education & the occupation of the parents * Some parents with high incomes are forced to work longer hours wi th less involvement in their children’s lives * A lower socioeconomic family enjoys low-cost recreational activities, such as bowling or camping opportunities for effective bonding and communication Media: The media pervades all aspects of life in our society, individuals are exposed to behaviours and opinions that are expressed on television, radio & internet * Parenting and caring relationships may emulate interactions in relationships in the media without even realising that they are doing so * Internet websites such as Facebook and MySpace can interrupt with ‘family time’ Style of parenting: Authoritarian: * characterises a demanding and inflexible parent who usually has a preconceived goal to achieve * allow children to put little input into decisions that may affect them * this can result in the child being resentful and distant * ‘My way or the highway’ Democratic: * this style invites all family members to have a say in decisions made * child ren feel appreciated, especially when their ideas form part of the solution

Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom

Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom Introduction Teacher burnout is a significant problem that affects effective delivery of educational services to students. Although there are many factors that contribute to teacher burnout, emotional reactions that teachers experience in classroom is one of the factors that cause burnout and emotional enervation.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Disruptive behaviors of students in classroom elicit unpleasant emotional reactions in teachers when they make appraisals and thus contribute to burnout. Teachers usually strain to comprehend disruptive behaviors in an attempt to bring order and appraisal of disruptive behaviors is emotionally taxing leading to burnout. Therefore, disruptive behavior in classroom is the main factor that contributes to teacher burnout since appraisal reactions elicit unpleasant emotions that are emotional ly taxing. According to Chang (2009), the purpose of the study, â€Å"Teacher Emotion Management in the Classroom: Appraisal, Regulation, and Coping†, is to explore how novice teachers appraise disruptive behaviors of students in classroom and how unpleasant emotional responses contribute to burnout (p.11). The study further investigates how teachers can cope with unpleasant emotions by regulation them to alleviate emotional exhaustion and subsequent burnout. The hypothesis of the study is that, effective emotional regulation of unpleasant emotions can significantly alleviate burnout that emanates from disruptive behaviors of students in classroom. The problem statement of the study is very appropriate since literature review confirms that teacher burnout is the major problem that affects effective delivery of educational services to students. When teachers are in classroom, they experience varied disruptive behaviors that trigger appraisal and consequently unpleasant emotion s. The unpleasant emotions cause emotional strain that leads to teacher burnout and thus interfere with effective delivery of services by teachers. The problem of teacher burnout due to disruptive behavior is therefore plausible because it has its basis on personal experience and literature review.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The purpose of the study is very objective as it aims at identifying disruptive behaviors and experiences of novice teachers with a view of formulating appropriate interventions of regulating unpleasant emotions emanating from teachers’ appraisals and subsequently preventing emotional exhaustion and burnout. The hypothesis of the study is clear and consistent with the objective of the study, which states that effective management and regulation of unpleasant emotions can help alleviate impacts of disruptive classroom behaviors of s tudents and thus prevent burnout in teachers. Moreover, for clarity, the study defined operational terms such as emotional appraisal, burnout, coping, emotional exhaustion, and emotional regulation amongst others. Definitions of operational terms enable readers to understand varied concepts and scope of the study. Methodology Process The study utilized online survey by selecting 555 novice teachers, females, 437, and males, 113, from a region of Midwestern United States. The online surveys targeted novice teachers who had teaching experience of 1-5 years and employed email as means of inviting and administering questionnaires to 4500 teachers. Out of the 4500 teachers, 713 teachers were willing to participate but only 555 filled their questionnaires accurately and thus participated in the study. To examine thoroughly how disruptive behaviors contribute to teacher burnout, the study design focused on general measurement and context-specific measurement. Concerning general measurement s, the study aimed at collecting data that depicts how teachers view unpleasant emotions, experience burnout, regulate motions, and efficacy of teaching. To obtain comprehensive data, the study employed scales such as emotional regulation questionnaire, sense of efficacy scale, and burnout scale in the administered questionnaires. Regarding context-specific measurement, participants identified and described a disruptive behavior that recently challenged them and further explained how they appraise and cope with unpleasant emotions.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, to measure specific variables, the study used emotional appraisal scale, discrete scale, and coping scale. Ultimately, the study utilized statistical design of structured and closed questionnaire to enhance collection and analysis of the data. Evaluation Selection of 555 novice teachers was quite random thus eliminates selection bias that usually affect validity of research findings. Moreover, the survey targeted 4500 teachers using online surveys out of which 555 teachers qualified to participate in the study, hence signifies randomness in selection of participants. Furthermore, the online surveys are cost-effective and eliminate suggestive influence of interview on data collection. The study design that involved general and context-specific measurements is also appropriate because it focuses on both general views and recent personal experiences of novice teachers thus provide an in-depth focus of disruptive behaviors of students, appraisal tendencies of teachers, and regulation of unpleasant emotions. In the study, questionnaire was an integral component of the survey as it provided assessment of numerous variables and measurements using different scales such as emotional regulation scale, efficacy scale, appraisal scale, coping s cale, and discrete scale. Hence, different types of scales provided a broad perspective of collecting comprehensive data for analysis. Structured and closed form of questionnaires is appropriate in minimizing huge amount of data, which would otherwise be bulky if collected using other methods. Moreover, structured and closed questionnaire enhances statistical analysis of data and accurate determination of research findings. Results Process To analyze collected data effectively, the study employed technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine relationship of various variables collected in survey. Structural equation modeling is a set of statistical techniques, which test how different variables and constructs of the study relate to each other. Using structural equation modeling, the study analyzed data in four steps viz. screening of data, model identification, model testing, and model estimation. Subsequently, the study used statistical package for social sciences (SP SS) to come up with various statistical analyses. Concerning presentation of the results, the study employed tables and figures in explaining research findings.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tables presented how different scales rank varied parameters such as emotional regulation, coping, appraising disruptive behaviors, unpleasant emotions, burnout and efficacy of teaching. The figures demonstrated how various variables such as disruptive behaviors, teachers’ appraisals, unpleasant emotions, and regulation of emotions interact in bringing about emotional exhaustion and burnout in teachers. Thus, SEM and SPSS analyzed collected data and the findings presented using tables and figures. Evaluation Since the study used two hypothetical models viz. unpleasant emotions regulation model and process of coping model, SEM technique of analyzing numerous variables and establishing their relationships was quite appropriate. Given that the study has numerous questionnaires, which are also detailed, preliminary analysis using multiple statistical techniques of SEM provides a basis of carrying further analysis and drawing reliable inferences from research findings. Moreove r, the ordinal nature of data collected required statistical analysis package of SPSS, which is quite accurate and reliable in carrying out various statistical analyses. SPSS is appropriate in analyzing both descriptive and inferential statistics with regard to multiple variables that affect burnout, for instance disruptive behaviors, appraisals, unpleasant emotions, and burnout. The study also employed tables and figures in presentation of the results to enhance clarity. The figures demonstrated how hypothesized models and numerous variables interact, resulting into burnout. Therefore, tables and figures enhanced presentation of the research findings for readers to comprehend. Discussion Process The research findings were consistent with earlier findings dealing with emotional management and burnout among teachers. Moreover, the study has also added significant contribution to growing body of research on teachers’ emotions and burnout. Since the study established that novice teachers experience unpleasant emotions after appraising disruptive behaviors of students, it has demonstrated that unpleasant emotions considerably contribute to burnout in teachers. In this context, the study suggests that, unpleasant emotions emanate from disruptive behaviors of students that strain teachers’ appraisals and lead to burnout. The study further asserts that effective regulation of emotions can cushion teachers from experiencing unpleasant emotions and consequently alleviate burnout and thus, it has formulated a model that demonstrates how disruptive behaviors, teachers’ appraisals, emotional regulation, and burnout interact. In addition to educational importance of the study, it has also made considerable contribution to appraisal theory in terms of enhanced unpleasant emotions on secondary appraisals and that appraisal of disruptive behaviors elicits significant unpleasant emotions that contribute to burnout and emotional exhaustion. The study conclu sively found out that emotional regulation of unpleasant emotions due to disruptive behaviors in classroom determines extent of burnout in teachers. Evaluation The study findings were quite valid because the study employed different models to elucidate relationships between different variables that contribute or mediate burnout in classroom. Research design, random selection of participants, use of comprehensive models, and statistical techniques has considerably enhanced internal validity and credibility of the findings. However, the study has low external validity that limits generalization of the findings because the participants were novice teachers who had experience of 1-5 years, hence did not represent teachers across all ranges of experience. Moreover, it is difficult to generalize the findings because the study occurred in one state; moreover, it targeted only participants who can access internet and there was low response rate of questionnaires. Thus, the study has more in ternal validity as compared to external validity, hence limits extrapolation of the findings. Reference Chang, M. (2009). Teacher Emotional Management in the Classroom: Appraisals, Regulation, and Coping with Emotions. American Educational Research  Association, 1-122.

The Color of Paradise Essays

The Color of Paradise Essays The Color of Paradise Essay The Color of Paradise Essay was just absolutely gorgeous; my favorite scene in the movie, it was just so brilliantly beautiful! I was not prepared for the ending of the film. It got my tears going again when the grandmother passed away; and the scene where the bridge breaks, was truly epic. My heart was pounding so hard when Muhammed and his horse fell into the river and started floating down, but I’m almost positive it stopped when I saw that his fuck of a father did nothing but watched. I couldn’t believe it, I almost wanted to stand up and shout; but I decided against it. I was so sad when he died Toner! SO SAD! Why you gotta make me cry man? But seriously, I think this really is a great example of wonderful film making.

buy custom Forms of Writing essay

buy custom Forms of Writing essay An individual requires the shoe-tying skills in order to tie shoes (Breaux, 2005). Technical writing requires the use of numbering (Gerson Gerson, 2003). Hold one end of the shoestring in each hand. Cross the ends, making an X. Pass one end of the shoestring under the other and pull tight. Fold one shoestring in half while holding the strings tight. Twine the other end around the folded end. Grasp the lace in the middle and bend it into a flat loop and pull, making a bow. Beautiful Residential Places Some residential places in the United States are very beautiful. They contain flower gardens, which have a variety of flowers that provide a olorful scenery and sweet fragrance (Bunting Hewitt, 2008). Because such residential places are far from industrial areas, common sounds involve cool music. The roads are very smooth, such that an individual feels comfortable while in a fast moving car. Most restaurants and pubs around the residential places in WisconsinState provide cool and sweet refreshment drink (Messervy Abell, 2007). Technical and Expository Writings Explaining the shoe-tying procedure to an individual is an example of technical writings while describing the beauty of a residential place is an example of expository writings. Expository writings persuade individuals to agree with certain opinions while technical writings focus on explaining procedures and concepts to audience (Hutchinson, 2005). Expositorry writing should be exciting while technical writing should be serious. The structure of technical writing includes numbering while expository writing requires the use of paragraphs (Gerson Gerson, 2003). Technical writing and other forms of writing Technical writing is a unique form of writing because it requires the use of numbering in listing the steps of executing a task (Gerson Gerson, 2003). Therefore, technical writing is different from other forms of writing usually in terms of format and purpose. Expository writing is more persuasive than technical writing (Hutchinson, 2005). Technical writing is the most common in the corporate environment because there is a need to explain various concepts to the members. Buy custom Forms of Writing essay

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Healthcare Policy & Management Project - Mothers Room and ADA Research Paper

Healthcare Policy & Management Project - Mothers Room and ADA Compliant Bathrooms - Research Paper Example passed specific structural needs to enhance the accessibility of the people and provided an enhanced level of support to the employees particularly for mother workers and the employees with disability. This project involves developing a plan to provide Mothers (Lactation Aid) Room in The Company’s global headquarters located in New York City to provide private rooms for new mothers who wish to continue breastfeeding after returning to work. The policies will be designed in accordance with the workplace breastfeeding support provision in the Patient and Protection and Affordable Care Act (Section 4207) and the guidelines established by the Department of Labor, Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). According to Murtagh & Moulton (2011) the requirement for a workplace that supports the different needs of the employees is extremely important in the present day context. Angeletti (2009) noted that there has been a primary need for lactation rooms in the workplace for breast-feeding working mothers. Mensah (2011) further mentions that owing to the fact that the child bearing ages and the employable years of a women’s life is suffering and thus the employers should be providing them with additional support to maintain their work life balance (Tsai, 2013). Department of Labor (2010) articulated that the new policies have been reframed in order to enhance better support to the working mothers. The companies are reframing their policies in order to enhance their structural support to the new mothers to provide care for their babies and enhance their work life balance (York, 2008). The companies need to efficiently handle their structural development to provide with the lactation rooms. This would enhance the new mother’s confidence to join back office post delivery (CDC, 2004). Furthermore, it would also help the working mothers to enhance their balance between professional and personal life. Lleras (2008) further stated that the number of working women has increased in

Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Diabetes - Essay Example This paper focuses majorly on the bariatric surgery as an intervention for the treatment of diabetes in adults. Bariatric surgery is a consideration for people with type 2 diabetes who have BMI exceeding 35 kg/m ². It involves several surgeries on the gastrointestinal tract. These include the gastric banding or transposing, resecting, or bypassing sections of the small intestine. Interestingly, the gastrointestinal tract surgery had originally been developed for the treatment of morbid obesity. Later on, it was employed as a powerful intervention to ameliorate diabetes in severely obese patients by normalizing blood glucose levels. It reduces or completely avoids necessity for medications alongside being a cost-effective approach for the treatment of the disease. The American Diabetes Association (2014) recommends bariatric surgery consideration especially for adults with BMI 35 kg/m2 and type 2 diabetes. It applies particularly when the diabetes or the associated comorbidities prove to be difficult to manage through lifestyle and pharmacological therapy. An observation has been made that patients who have at a time undergone the bariatric surgery in most cases require lifelong medical monitoring and lifestyle support. Research has provided evidence related to the glycemic benefits of bariatric surgery patients with type 2 diabetes and BMI 30–35 kg/m2. The evidence has played a significant role in the recommendation of the bariatric surgery. However, there has been criticism that in well-designed controlled trials which have optimal medical and therapy as the comparing factor, the longtime benefits, cost-effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery in individuals with type 2 diabetes should be reconsidered in further studies. In terms of the desired normalization of glycemia, studies have shown that Bariatric surgery achieves very close or complete normalization. Buchwald (2009), in a survey carried out on a population of people with type 2 diabetes,

Hospitality Industry and Environment Forces Essay

Hospitality Industry and Environment Forces - Essay Example In addition, diplomatic relations among governments have diverse effects on the hospitality industry. A government may choose, when it ascertains it is appropriate, to advise its citizens against visiting certain countries depending on how the prevailing diplomatic relations between the two nations. Economic factors influence the hospitality industry. A booming economy leaves a people with spare cash to spend on holidays. A weak economy presents, however, little cash flow to governments and relevant agencies that may lack the resources to invest in the hospitality industry. In addition, technology influences the hospitality industry. Tourists can enjoy their tours in many ways due to the advances in technology. Tourists can now film their adventurous trips and share their experiences with friends and family through social sites. Hotels can also provide booking services to their travelling clients online through their websites (Mok, Beverley and Jay 139). Surveillance and security provided in the hospitality industry have improved because of technology. There are fewer incidences of terrorist attacks targeting the hospitality industry because of technology applied in gathering and sharing intelligence by relevant agencies. Socio-cultural factors influence the hospitality industry. The manner in which local people interact with tourists determines their satisfaction levels. In addition, hospitable societies receive the highest number of tourists. Societies with unique cultural practices also attract many

Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Diabetes - Essay Example This paper focuses majorly on the bariatric surgery as an intervention for the treatment of diabetes in adults. Bariatric surgery is a consideration for people with type 2 diabetes who have BMI exceeding 35 kg/m ². It involves several surgeries on the gastrointestinal tract. These include the gastric banding or transposing, resecting, or bypassing sections of the small intestine. Interestingly, the gastrointestinal tract surgery had originally been developed for the treatment of morbid obesity. Later on, it was employed as a powerful intervention to ameliorate diabetes in severely obese patients by normalizing blood glucose levels. It reduces or completely avoids necessity for medications alongside being a cost-effective approach for the treatment of the disease. The American Diabetes Association (2014) recommends bariatric surgery consideration especially for adults with BMI 35 kg/m2 and type 2 diabetes. It applies particularly when the diabetes or the associated comorbidities prove to be difficult to manage through lifestyle and pharmacological therapy. An observation has been made that patients who have at a time undergone the bariatric surgery in most cases require lifelong medical monitoring and lifestyle support. Research has provided evidence related to the glycemic benefits of bariatric surgery patients with type 2 diabetes and BMI 30–35 kg/m2. The evidence has played a significant role in the recommendation of the bariatric surgery. However, there has been criticism that in well-designed controlled trials which have optimal medical and therapy as the comparing factor, the longtime benefits, cost-effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery in individuals with type 2 diabetes should be reconsidered in further studies. In terms of the desired normalization of glycemia, studies have shown that Bariatric surgery achieves very close or complete normalization. Buchwald (2009), in a survey carried out on a population of people with type 2 diabetes,

Why men's basketball is better than women's basketball Essay

Why men's basketball is better than women's basketball - Essay Example This paper analyses the above preposition from three different writers, and considers their perception and the rhetorical tools they have used to drive their points and how effective the tools are in accomplishing the writer’s objective. The first article written by Josh Kramer posits that by comparison, men’s basketball is better than that of the women in more than one way. In this sense, the writer employed the use of strategies in order to communicate and deliver his arguments and views. Where as he acknowledges that every ones opinion matters in this assessment, he also asserts that there are some inherent things with men’s basketball that makes it much cherished compared to that of the women (Kramer). He considers the airtime that the two are given and explains that men are given more than women and the situation makes it possible for men to dominate the game than women. On the other hand, the author also posits that in women basketball, there is no overall excitement as compared to that of men. These among other thing like the predictability of the women game makes it too boring to attend to and watch. In order to drive his point home, the author has used rhetorical tools to channel the same, for example.

Analysis of “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin Essay Example for Free

Analysis of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin Essay The short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was written by Kate Chopin and first appeared in 1984. It tells about the ‘one hour’ brief story of the main protagonist, Louise Mallard, and her reaction upon hearing the news of her husband’s death by a car accident. And because she had a heart problem, her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards decided to break to her the news as gently as possible. Not long after the supposedly bad news was revealed, Brently, Louise’s husband, suddenly comes home alive disproving the former, causing death to her by heart attack. Majority of the story’s progression revolve around Louise’s reaction upon hearing the news about her husband’s death (Brian, 2001). The scenes where Louise isolate herself in her room and savor her new-found freedom add up to the hanging idea of the real reason behind her death. It seems that the author actually give two possible emotional state to answer the underlying question of Louise’s joyful death: one is that she has become too overwhelmed to see her husband alive in contrary to the news about his involvement in a recent car accident and the other one is that she is saddened by the realization of the freedom that she thought she will have after hearing her husband’s loss is completely taken away from her again. Contrasting Representations Suprisingly, the short-story is written in complete contrasts of the main theme. First of these contrasting representations within the story is Louise’s reaction upon hearing the news. The news about her husband’s death should bring her agony and tears but instead; she sits calmly â€Å"facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. † Here we see a strange approach to the situation with the word â€Å"comfortable† being used to modify the chair near the window. Louise, a new widow herself, must not see the chair as â€Å"comfortable† as it seems just right after hearing the unbearable news of her husband’s death. Added to this, the scene outside the window also symbolizes something in contrast to the story’s progression. The spring day from the view outside her window shows a contrasting image to the situation she has. The spring is a symbol of â€Å"rebirth† or â€Å"new life† thus the spring prognosticates Louise’s new life after Brently’s death. Another interesting symbol in the story is the description of the view laid upon Louise’s eyes as she sits near the window: â€Å"The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves† (Brian, 2001). For the readers, the description made by Louise about the view she was seeing clouds what her true emotions were at that moment. It seemed that as she isolated herself in a room, she completely disregarded the news of her husband’s death. These representations had become tricky in contrasting the main theme the story supposes to have or tell. Kate Chopin’s idea of a Joyful Death: Appearance versus Conflict What the readers may discover in reading this story is the possibility that there is an ironic truth behind the death of the main protagonist’s beloved. In the main setting of the story where Louis sits in a comfortable chair, she mouth over the words we never expect to read or hear from her. She seems to be happy rather than being sad about Brently’s loss with what the story emphasizes on her shouting â€Å"free, free, free! The freedom she pertains here signifies of her having the will to live a life all by herself, after her husband is gone. As she plays a youthful characteristic of a woman, it is a well played proof that she was indeed after the freedom, of doing what she want to do and make decisions for herself. With this fact, the story seems to have a conflict of its own: conflict between the ideas of appearance and reality. From the moment that the story emphasizes about Louise having her â€Å"freedom† at last, it could suggest the notion to the reader(s) that she is not saddened by the news. Unlike what she had shown in the central point of the story, Louise somehow is expected to grieve by the people around her, all having the idea that her marriage with Brently was a happy one. This is what her sister Josephine completely understood with her reaction as she misinterprets Louise’s behavior and thinking. She hysterically calls out her sister in the room, believing that Louise is heart-broken but in reality, Louise is more lightened up by the news. The doctors’ judgment about Louise’s death also deals with this conflict. For them, it seemed that Louise died after realizing that her husband is alive. This appearance of Louise’s happiness is more illustrated when they predicted that due to heart attack â€Å"of joy that kills† (Brians, 2001). Never did they think of the reality that she died because of another reason. That she dies because she was heart-broken to recognize the truth that she will not be able to gain her freedom as what she expected earlier. Role of Woman versus Man Another conflict in the story accentuates the role of woman versus man in the society. It is illustrated in the story that Louise is a submissive wife to Brently. But there is an internal struggle within her that tells that she was not happily married at all. As what Louise thinks, â€Å"What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being† justifies more to the idea that she, indeed, had loved Brently but more were the times she feel not. Maybe for Brently, Louise appeared to be happy with their relationship or he thinks and assumes that she is. Apparently, Louise wanted more the freedom she had felt for in that short while. After finding out the truth that she was not yet totally free, she had thought that only by death that she would took possession of it at last. There in death she would find peace and liberty. Ironically, Louise took the realization that her husband was alive and chose to die in able to attain the freedom she longed for. Character Analysis Chopin made her characters compliment along with the theme of the story. The main character, Louise plays a youthful wife who tends to have her freedom despite her marriage with Brently. Her youth marked up the end of her life and this irony of life, of choosing liberty by death, seemed to be one of the uncertain situations in the matter of choosing life over death. Brently, although his character is not discussed further on in the story, seemed to be playing a role of a husband who wants her wife under his control. Louise would never want liberation if he was a good man to her. His characteristic gives a deeper impact in the story, making Louise choose to die with freedom rather than living with him in a life full of despair. Josephine, Louise’s sister, was recognized here as a doting sister who takes care of her and all the matters that has a connection with her. Josephine, together with Richards, had taken care of gently telling to her the â€Å"death† of her husband Brently. She half-concealed the truth, in order for Louise to accept it without suffering her heart problem. Richards, Louise’s friend, is the one who brought the news to the house, he is responsible for assuring Brently’s death. As he rushes to tell the news to his friend, there is a suggestive truth that he was worried about what his friend’s reaction would be after hearing the news. If he had not rushed over to deliver the news, there is a possibility that Brently could arrive first in the house and justify that his name in the news is a big mistake, preventing Louise’s death and would have lived more. Apart from Brently, Richards is also responsible for the protagonist’s death. The story gives us the impression that not every death could bring grief to someone. It could be, in another way, a joyful event. Chopin had also brought about the issues of women and their role in the society. The story, written in the nineteenth-century, showed how women years back had no rights to be at their own will. Women then were still under the prying eyes of the society and men dominate over them. Chopin tackles a lot of moral issue within the story. Her story suggests that it would still be better if women of her own time maintain their roles in the society. In the nineteenth-century, men are expected to be superior over women and not the other way around, not what Louise wanted to be. Her insights within the story inspires us with the vision of what harmonious relationships are ought to be and the wide complexity in bearing the contrasting truth between appearance and reality. References: Brians, Paul. et al. Reading about the World. (Vol. 2) 3rd Edition. Texas: Harcourt Brace College, 2001.

Radiation Doses vs Patient’s Life Styles

Radiation Doses vs Patient’s Life Styles Radiation doses from 131I treated hyperthyroidism patients’ vs life style- A  survey A.S. Shah*, Hameedullah, F. Saeed, K.A.Shah, A. Khan, M. Rauf Khattak ABSTRACT The Radioactive Iodine is widely used for the treatment of various thyroid disorders. The patients  undergoing such treatments are advised to restrict their social and work related activities to limit  radiation exposures to others. The present work describes the results of a structured survey  conducted on patients visiting Institute of Radiotherapy and nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar,  for the thyrotoxicosis treatment. The patients were asked about their housing conditions, family set  up, number of kids, travelling mode and time back home from the hospital. The radiation doses to the  other people with whom they might come in contact in their living environment were estimated. The  radiation doses to others at one meter from the patients were calculated as 0.76, 1.53, 2.29, 3.06, 3.82  and 4.58mSv. The results of the survey indicate that the radiation protection advice and other  regulatory requirements need to be reviewed keeping in view individual patientâ⠂¬â„¢s circumstances. INTRODUCTION The radioactive iodine (RAI) is widely used for the treatment of various thyroid disorders  since long. The differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is treated by admitting the patients in  hospital where as hyperthyroidism patients are treated on out patient basis in most of the  countries (1-4). The safety issues for the patients, their families, comforters, hospital staff and  the general public arise with either treatment approach. The radiation hazards are more in  case of hyperthyroidism treatment than the DTC treatment due to shorter effective half life  of the 131I in the later application. Therefore at the time of release of the patient from  medical confinement, the retained radioactivity in DTC patients is much lower causing low  risk of radiation exposure to other people. In case of thyrotoxicosis treatment the  administered radioactivity is much lower as compared to DTC treatment but radiation  doses to others are more due to high uptake of RAI by these pa tients (5-8). The patients  undergoing such treatments are advised to restrict their social and work related activities  to reduce radiation exposure to others when they return to their families in community (9-16). This radiation protection advice is usually based on residual activity or radiation exposure level and is not specific to an individual patient circumstances or socioeconomic  condition. These advices are usually formulated by the developed countries and are  adopted as such in most of the developing countries. In actual practice the compliance to the  protection advice depends on socioeconomic conditions and the life style of the patients. Therefore keeping in view this aspect of RAI treatments, an interview based structured  survey was conducted on patients visiting our hospital for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. The patients were asked about their housing conditions, family/home set up, number of  kids, mode of travelling and travelling time to back home from the hospital. The radiation  doses to the other people with whom they might come in contact in their living  environment MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients were asked about their housing conditions, family set up, number of kids and  travelling periods back home. The total number of patients inducted in the present survey  was 419. The data collected was tabulated and reviewed for completeness. A calibrated  dose of 131I (185-1106MBq) was administered to the patients. The exposure rate from the  patient was measured at a distance of one meter from standing position with a hand-held  pressurized battery operated ÃŽ ² ÃŽ ³ survey meter, Victoreen Model 450P, calibrated from  secondary standard dosemetry laboratory, Islamabad. The dose rate was recorded in units  of ÃŽ ¼Svhr-1. The patients were instructed to sleep alone, drink fluids liberally and avoid prolonged close personal contact with others for the first 2 days. The patients and familymembers were told that they could resume normal activities thereafter (9-12). The estimated  radiation doses to the maximally exposed person were calculated using the form ula given in  equation 2 (14). RESULTS There were 385 (93%) patients residing in joint and 29 (07%) in separate family system  Table 1. It was found that 15.27 % of the patients were male and 84.73% females with age  wise distribution as shown in Table 2. The measured hospital leaving dose rate at one meter from the patients were 5.7, 11.0, 15.7,  18.7, 23.0 and 28.0ÃŽ ¼Svh-1 for administered RAI activity of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 29.9mCi  respectively. The corresponding radiation doses to others from exposure to the patient at  one meter using occupancy factor of 0.25 were calculated as 0.76, 1.53, 2029, 3.06, 3.82 and  4.58mSv Table 3. They survey showed that 4.77, 17.66, 22.91, 24.10, 12.66 and 17.90% patients had  accommodation consisting of one, two, three, four, five and more than five rooms  respectively Table 4. It was observed that 78.04% patients used public transport and 21.96% used private  transport for back home after RAI administration. The radiation doses to others during  travelling were estimated using occupancy factor of 0.1m and 1m distance plotted versus  travelling time of the patient from hospital to back home Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively.   It was also observed that 1.67% of the patients had no sanitary arrangements at home and  they used open space in the fields as toilet. The patients residing in localities where there is  comparatively better sanitation arrangements had one (31.74%), two (36.04%), three  (17.42%) and more than three (13.13%) toilets available Table 5. In addition 11.93% of the patients had no kids where 10.74% lived in joint family system  and 1.19% as separate. The survey showed that 88.7% of the patients had kids and 82.33%  of these lived in joint family system where as 5.73% lived separate. The number of kids and  the family status showed that 17.18%, 31.50% and 33.65% patients had 1-3, 4-6 and more  than 6 kids respectively lived in joint family system while 2.86%, 1.91% and 0.95% patients  had 1-3, 4-6 and more than 6 kids respectively and they used to live in separate family  system Table 6. DISCUSSION The patients treated for thyrotoxicosis with RAI (131I) are advised certain restrictions on  behavior in order to ensure the radiation safety of all other individuals with whom they may  come into contact. Generally it is assumed that the patients are unlikely to create a hazard  to other persons. A dose limit of 5mSv and 1mSv had been recommended for these peoples  depending upon the nature and type of their interaction with the patient (17). The  compliance to the safety instructions depend upon patient’s literacy level, decision making  capacity, health education, grasping and understanding disclosure of treatment in general  and patient’s socioeconomic conditions and life styles in particular(18,19). The over all literacy level of the survey region is 37.26 % (20). Literacy level reflects the  ability of the patients to comprehend that they emit detectable levels of radiation for  specified period of time after their treatment which are hazardous for other peoples. It was  observed that 93% of the patients inducted in the survey used to reside in joint family  system and 07% lived in separate system Table 1. This aspect coupled with the low literacy  level puts emphasis on the patients receiving treatments to comply with the instructions  strictly to limit radiation exposure to others. The restriction on mode of travelling back to home is important factor in RAI treatment  especially when 78.96% of the patients used public transport to back home from hospital. It  is practically difficult to measure radiation doses to other passengers traveling in the same  vehicle. The measured hospital leaving dose rate at one meter from the patients suggest  that the time restrictions to travel by private transport (at 1m distance) are not required,  although they should not sit immediately adjacent to another passenger, accompanying  person or driver Table 3. Similarly restrictions would not be required for public transport (0.1m distance) for one  hour journey. It was observed that radiation doses to others at 1m and 0.1m with  administered 131I radioactivity of 185, 555 and 1106MBq increases linearly with the travelling time Figure 1 2. The patients needing greater travelling time back home should  use private transport after RAI administration. Therefore regulatory authorities need to  reassess the situation with respect to private or public mode of travelling while  recommending discharge limits for RAI treatments. The radiation doses from the exposure  to the patient to total decay (t=∞) at one meter using occupancy factor of 0.25 for RAI  administered were well within recommended dose limit of 5mSv for adult comforters Table  3. However for patients residing in single room accommodation, with kids and joint family  system, the dose limit of 1mSv is unlikely to be adhered. This aspect becomes more  important where a very large percentage of the patients (88.07%) had kids and 82.33% of  those used to live in joint family system as observed in the present survey Table 6. The  sanitary conditions of the patients at home are important to protect family members from  radioactive contamination and associated external radiation exposure. It was observed that  patients having better sanitation arrangements would not pose radiation related problems. However patients having no proper sanitation (1.67%) are source of concern for the  communities where they reside Table 5. The trends observed indicate that the patients with single room accommodation, having  kids and joint family system need strict compliance to radiation protection advice to restrict  radiation doses to the immediate family members. Therefore RAI treatments need to be  carried out keeping in view patient’s living conditions and life styles. CONCLUSION The radiation protection advice and regulatory requirements need to be formulated  keeping in view patient’s socioeconomic, life style and living conditions. It needs to be  reviewed depending upon individual patient’s circumstances. Table 1 Family Status (N=419) Status No of patients (%) Joint Family 390 (93) Separate Family 29(07) Table 2 Age and Sex Distribution of Patients Age No. of Patients (%) 17 to 28 36(8.59) 29 to 40 161 (38.42) 41 to 50 119 (28.4) 51 TO 60 67 (15.9) >60 33 (7.8) *15.27 % of patients are males ** 84.73 % of patients are females Table 3 131I administered Vs Average Radiation Doses S.No 131I activity (mCi) No. of patients (%) Average leaving dose rate at 1 meter (ÃŽ ¼Sv/hr) Average Dose* to others at 1 meter (mSv) 1 05 12 (2.88) 5.7 0.76 2 10 18 (4.3) 11 1.53 3 15 99 (23.62) 15.7 2.29 4 20 233 (55.6) 18.7 3.06 5 25 47 (11.21) 23 3.82 6 29.9 10 (2.3) 28 4.58 * Average doses to total decay (t=∞) to other individual exposed to the patient at one meter using  occupancy factor of 0.25. Table 4 Status of Patients in Relation to No. of Rooms in Joint/ Separate System No. of rooms in home No. of Patients (%) Patients living in Joint Family System Patients living in Separately 1 20(4.77) 18 2 2 74(17.66) 69 7 3 96(22.91) 90 7 4 101(24.10) 96 4 5 53(12.66) 46 4 More than 5 75(17.90) 71 5 Table 5 Sanitary Status of Patients No. of Toilets in home of Patients No. of Patients (%) Open without flush 07(1.67) With one flush 133(31.74) With two flush 151(36.04) With three flush 73(17.42) More than three flush 55(13.13) Table 6 Kids Status Vs Family System Figure 1 Radiation Doses (mSv) at 0.1m Vs Travelling Time (Hrs) Kids Status Joint Families (%) Separate Families (%) Without Kids 50(11.93) 45(10.74) 05(1.19) With Kids 369(88.07) 345(82.33) 24(5.73) Up to 3 Kids 4 to 6 Kids 7 and above 72(17.18) 132(31.50) 141(33.65) 12(2.86) 08(1.91) 04(0.95) Figure 2 Radiation Doses (mSv) at 1m Vs Travelling Time (Hrs)